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Lymphedema
Lymphedema is chronic swelling, almost always in an arm or a leg, that appears when the lymphatic system cannot drain fluid (lymph) from the tissues properly. It can be primary (congenital or hereditary) or secondary (due to surgery, radiation therapy, infections, injuries or venous disease). It does not usually go away completely, but with treatment and constant care it can be controlled, its volume reduced and complications such as infections prevented.
In summary
- It is chronic swelling caused by poor drainage of the lymphatic system.
- It can be primary or secondary to surgery, radiation, infections or venous problems.
- Treatment combines skin care, lymphatic drainage, compression and exercise.
- Redness, warmth and fever in the swollen area need prompt attention.
What is lymphedema?
The lymphatic system is a network of vessels and nodes that collects excess fluid from the tissues and works with the body's defenses. When it does not work well, fluid builds up and causes swelling. Over time, the tissue can become hardened.
Symptoms
- Progressive swelling of an arm, leg, hand or foot.
- A feeling of heaviness or tightness.
- Clothes, rings or shoes that become tight.
- Thicker skin or skin with less elasticity.
- Repeated skin infections in the swollen area.
At first the swelling is soft and may improve when the limb is raised; over time it becomes firmer.
Causes and risk factors
- Primary: congenital or hereditary, which can appear at different ages.
- Secondary: surgery with removal of lymph nodes, radiation therapy, infections, injuries or significant wounds.
- Advanced chronic venous disease, obesity and immobility.
How it is diagnosed
The doctor examines the limb, measures its volume and reviews your history. It is important to rule out other causes of swelling, such as a thrombosis, venous disease, heart, kidney or medication problems. A Doppler ultrasound is usually used for this and, in selected cases, other studies of the lymphatic system.
Treatment
There is no single measure. The usual approach is to combine:
- Skin care, to avoid dryness and wounds.
- Manual lymphatic drainage, performed by trained personnel.
- Compression bandaging at first and, afterward, compression stockings or sleeves to maintain the result.
- Gentle exercise and mobility.
- Weight control.
- Timely treatment of infections.
- In selected cases, surgical procedures.
Care at home
- Moisturize your skin every day and check that it has no wounds or cracks.
- Protect the limb from cuts, insect bites, burns and too much sun or heat.
- Wear loose clothing and jewelry.
- Keep up moderate physical activity, such as walking or swimming.
- Use compression as your doctor indicates.
When to seek urgent care
- Redness, warmth, pain or fever in the swollen area (it may be an infection that needs treatment soon).
- Sudden swelling in one leg only, which may point to a thrombosis.
Frequently asked questions
Can lymphedema be cured?
It usually does not go away completely, but it can be controlled very well with treatment and constant care.
Is it the same as varicose veins?
No. Varicose veins are a vein problem. Lymphedema is a problem of the lymphatic system. Sometimes they occur together.
Can I exercise?
Yes. Moderate exercise helps drainage. It is usually recommended with compression on and following your doctor's instructions.
Why do I get infections in that area?
The accumulated fluid and more fragile skin make infections easier. That is why skin care is a fundamental part of treatment.
Does any massage work?
No. Manual lymphatic drainage is a specific technique that should be done by trained personnel. Strong massages can make the swelling worse.
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Book via WhatsAppThe information on this page is general and for guidance only. It does not replace a medical consultation. If you have a warning sign, go to the emergency department. The pages are written for patients in Colombia; consultations are in Spanish.
Last updated: October 15, 2026